Cannabinoids are a common term used in the cannabis industry, but what exactly are they? To optimize your cannabis consumption experience, learn more about cannabinoids and their unique characteristics.
What are cannabinoids?
Cannabinoids or phytocannabinoids are chemical compounds in cannabis plants. They are responsible for producing a range of recreational and medical effects. There are cannabinoids with specific origins and purposes, such as the ones listed below.
Acidic cannabinoids
Acidic cannabinoids are the true, natural form of cannabinoids, found in buds of cannabis plants. The most prominent acidic cannabinoids are tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), which are converted into their well-known forms, THC and CBD, through decarboxylation.
Synthetic cannabinoids
Synthetic cannabinoids are artificially made cannabinoids designed to mimic natural cannabinoids and replicate their effects. Products infused with synthetic cannabinoids can be more potent and may cause unwanted effects. Some synthetic cannabinoids are unregulated and can cause potential health risks, while others are approved by the FDA, such as Cesamet and Marinol.
Endocannabinoids
Endocannabinoids are cannabinoids produced in the human body. These lipid-based neurotransmitters are responsible for various bodily functions. Endocannabinoids interact with the receptors to create a physical reaction.
The different types of cannabinoids
More than 100 types of cannabinoids are present in the cannabis plant. The most common natural cannabinoids include tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD).
Other, lesser-known cannabinoids include:
- Cannabinol (CBN)
- Cannabigerol (CBG)
- Cannabichromene (CBC)
- Delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol (D8)
The effects of each cannabinoid
Cannabinoids are directly responsible for various unique effects of cannabis that can influence the body and the mind. Cannabis can be used for recreational and medical purposes, so the cannabinoid type and content levels are key factors in determining the purpose. The two most prominent cannabinoids are THC and CBD, and many cannabis products are marketed as a blend of both. THC is a psychoactive compound, causing the “high” effect. CBD is a non-intoxicating compound, and it doesn’t cause the typical ‘high’ sensation associated with cannabis consumption. Both compounds can be used for reducing the symptoms of various health problems, with their benefits often overlapping.| Type of cannabinoid and the different effects | THC | CBD |
| Appetite increase | Yes | No |
| Regulates chronic pain | Yes | Yes |
| Reduces anxiety | Yes | Yes |
| Anti-inflammatory | Yes | Yes |
| Helps with psychosis | No | Yes |
| Reduces nausea | Yes | Yes |
| Helps with seizures | No | Yes |
| Helps with insomnia | Yes | Yes |
Negative effects of cannabinoids
The effects of cannabinoids can vary depending on the personal tolerance to cannabis, as well as the cannabinoid content levels. Starting with a lower dose is vital when consuming any substance, regardless of whether it’s THC or CBD leaning.
How do cannabinoids work
Cannabinoids are chemical compounds that interact with the body’s endocannabinoid system (ECS), which helps regulate functions such as mood, sleep, appetite, and pain. When cannabinoids are absorbed, they influence activity in the ECS by directly interacting with cannabinoid receptors, influencing various physical functions and responses.
The main receptors of the ECS found in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) are cannabinoid receptors 1 (CB1) and 2 (CB2), which help regulate various bodily functions. CB1 receptors are primarily found in the brain and spinal cord, while CB2 receptors are more commonly found in the immune system. Each receptor interacts with certain cannabinoids; for example, CB1 responds to THC, creating psychoactive effects.
How to pick the right cannabis product according to cannabinoids
When choosing the right cannabis product for you, there are lots of things to consider, especially when considering the cannabinoid content.
Purpose of the consumption
Start with the desired goals you want to achieve by consuming cannabis, since the balance of THC and CBD content can influence the overall experience.
Potency and dose
Pay attention to the exact cannabinoid content according to your tolerance and specific needs. THC causes psychoactive, intoxicating effects even with lower doses, while CBD-heavy products are more forgiving due to the lack of intoxicating effects. Choose the product that can produce the desired effects without putting yourself at risk.
Method of consumption
Some cannabis products offer different effects depending on how they are consumed. When consuming 5 mg of THC by smoking or vaping, the effects are rapid, compared to consuming a 5 mg THC gummy. Edibles are taken orally, and the THC is slowly absorbed through the digestive system.
Cannabinoids are key elements of the cannabis plant, responsible for a wide range of effects and potential therapeutic benefits. Understanding the different types of cannabinoids and their functions can help consumers make informed choices and tailor their cannabis experience to their individual needs.
